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visibility: public
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# Translations

**repo:** [mbiesiad/awesome-translations](https://github.com/mbiesiad/awesome-translations)  
**category:** [[miscellaneous|Miscellaneous]]

---

# Awesome Translations [![Awesome](https://awesome.re/badge-flat.svg)](https://awesome.re)

> The transfer of the meaning of a text from one language to another.

This list contains tools, books, articles, blogs, courses and everything related to translations ([t9n](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation) - translation, [l10n](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_localisation) - localization, [g11n](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_localisation#Globalisation_versus_localisation) - globalization, [m17n](https://www.definify.com/word/multilingualization#:~:text=Noun,into%2C%20or%20for%20multiple%20languages) - multilingualization, [i18n](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language_localisation#Globalisation_versus_localisation) - internationalization, synonymous with globalization).

## Contents

- [Translations](#translations)
- [Platforms](#platforms)
- [Apps](#apps)
- [Tools](#tools)
- [Articles](#articles)
- [Blogs](#blogs)
- [Online Courses](#online-courses)
- [Books](#books)
- [Other](#other)

## Translations

- [English](https://github.com/mbiesiad/awesome-translations)
- [Polish](https://github.com/mbiesiad/awesome-translations/tree/pl_PL)
- [Spanish](https://web.archive.org/web/20220511155347/https://github.com/JoseDeFreitas/awesome-translations/tree/es_ES)
- [Italian](https://github.com/niedev/awesome-translations/tree/it_IT)
- [French](https://github.com/alexture/awesome-translations/tree/fr_FR)

## Platforms

### Localization and translation platforms

- [Crowdin](https://crowdin.com/) - Closed source cloud-based localization technology and services company.
- [Inlang](https://inlang.com/) - The globalization ecosystem for software companies.
- [Transifex](https://www.transifex.com/) - Proprietary, web-based translation platform, globalization management system (GMS).
- [Weblate](https://weblate.org/) - Copylefted libre web-based continuous translation platform.
- [SimpleLocalize](https://simplelocalize.io) - A simple translation management for software projects.
- [Tolgee](https://tolgee.io) - Open-source, developer & translator friendly platform enabling users to translate directly in the app they develop.
- [Localit](https://localit.io/) - A fast and intuitive localization platform with seamless [GitHub](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/development-environment/github)/GitLab [integration](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/platforms/integration), AI-powered and human translation support, and a generous free plan.
- [Lokalise](https://lokalise.com/) - Translation platform for developers.
- [Locize](https://locize.com/) - Proprietary translation platform.
- [Shipi18n](https://shipi18n.com/) - Translation API for developers with i18next support, placeholder preservation, and translation memory.
- [LRM](https://github.com/nickprotop/LocalizationManager) - Self-hosted CLI/TUI localization manager supporting .resx and [JSON](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/miscellaneous/json) (i18next) with multiple translation providers including free options.

### Project management

- [Zanata](http://zanata.org/) - Web-based translation platform for translators, content creators and developers to manage localisation projects.
- [Traduora](https://github.com/traduora/traduora) - A platform to manage translation workflow in teams.

### Platform-specific tools

- [GitLocalize](https://gitlocalize.com/) - Powerful localization platform that syncs with your [GitHub](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/development-environment/github) repository and lets you continuously translate its content.
- [Respresso](https://respresso.io/) - Collaborative online resource manager for localizations, images, colors, etc. that generates platform-specific files and delivers them directly to your source code.
- [PO file editor](https://pofile.net/free-po-editor) - A free tool for translating PO files for localization with Gettext.

## Apps

### Automated translation

- [RTranslator](https://github.com/niedev/RTranslator) - A simultaneous translator app for [Android](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/platforms/android) based on NLLB and [Whisper](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/miscellaneous/whisper) that runs locally.
- [Crow Translate](https://github.com/crow-translate/crow-translate) - A simple and lightweight translator for [Linux](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/platforms/linux) and [Windows](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/platforms/windows) that allows to translate and speak text using Google, Yandex and Bing translate API.
- [Copy Translator](https://github.com/CopyTranslator/CopyTranslator) - An app for [Windows](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/platforms/windows), Mac and [Linux](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/platforms/linux) that automatically translate and adapt a text when copied in the clipboard.
- [LibreTranslate](https://github.com/uav4geo/LibreTranslate) - 100% Self-Hosted web app to translate text, based on Argos Translate.

### Translation software
- [OmegaT](https://omegat.org/) - Free translation memory / CAT software that works on [Windows](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/platforms/windows), macOS and [Linux](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/platforms/linux).
- [Argos Translate](https://github.com/argosopentech/argos-translate) - Completely open source offline translation app written in [Python](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/programming-languages/python) and based on OpenNMT. It can also be used as a [Python](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/programming-languages/python) library.
- [Fink](https://inlang.com/m/tdozzpar) - Translation editor / CAT software with no-code setup and repository-based operation.
- [Project Fluent](https://projectfluent.org) - Asymetric translations (eg. gender variations) for localization.

## Tools

### Automatic translation for end users
- [Bergamot](https://github.com/browsermt) - Client-side translation in the browser.
- [Alexa Translations](https://alexatranslations.com/) - Alexa Translations A.I. brings leading AI and machine translation to the legal, financial and government sectors. 
- [Watson Language Translator](https://www.ibm.com/cloud/watson-language-translator) - A service on the [IBM Cloud](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/platforms/ibm-cloud) that enables dynamically translation news, patents, or conversational documents.
- [DeepL Translator](https://www.deepl.com/) - A neural machine translation service launched in August 2017 and owned by Cologne based DeepL SE.
- [Amazon Translate](https://aws.amazon.com/translate/) - A neural machine translation service.
- [ModernMT](https://www.modernmt.com/) - A self-[learning](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/programming-languages/learning) machine translation service that improves from user corrections as user keep using it.
- [Microsoft Translator](https://translator.microsoft.com/) - A multilingual machine translation cloud service provided by Microsoft.

### Libraries and tools for developers

- [deep-translator](https://github.com/nidhaloff/deep-translator) - A flexible free and unlimited (depending on the translator used) library written in [Python](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/programming-languages/python) to translate between different languages in a simple way using multiple translators, it can also be used directly in the prompt.
- [Translator](https://github.com/UlionTse/translators) - A translator library based on the translation interface of Google, Yandex, Microsoft (Bing), Baidu, Alibaba, Tencent, NetEase (Youdao), Sogou, Deepl, etc.
- [I18next](https://www.i18next.com/) - Internationalization-framework written in and for [JavaScript](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/programming-languages/javascript).
- [react-i18next](https://react.i18next.com/) - Powerful internationalization framework for [React](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/front-end-development/react) / [React Native](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/platforms/react-native) which is based on i18next.
- [MDN i18n](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Mozilla/Add-ons/WebExtensions/API/i18n) - Functions to internationalize your browser extension. You can use these APIs to get localized strings from locale files packaged with your extension.
- [Ruby I18n](https://guides.rubyonrails.org/i18n.html) - [Rails](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/back-end-development/rails) internationalization (i18n) API.
- [Quasar I18n](https://quasar.dev/options/app-internationalization) - App internationalization (i18n) in Quasar framework.
- [Vue I18n](https://kazupon.[github](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/development-environment/github).io/vue-i18n/) - Internationalization plugin for [Vue.js](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/front-end-development/vue-js).
- [i18n Ally](https://github.com/antfu/i18n-ally) - Extension for VSCode, all in one about i18n.
- [Translate](https://github.com/translate/translate) - A set of software and documentation designed to help make the lives of localizers both more productive and [less](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/front-end-development/less) frustrating.
- [Python-i18n](https://pypi.org/project/python-i18n/) - [Python](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/programming-languages/python) internationalization (i18n) package.
- [Moment.js](https://momentjs.com/) - Parse, validate, manipulate and display dates and times in [JavaScript](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/programming-languages/javascript).
- [WPML](https://wpml.org/) - A WordPress plugin that allows running multilingual websites with a single WordPress install.
- [FormatJS](https://formatjs.io/) - A modular collection of [JavaScript](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/programming-languages/javascript) libraries for internationalization that are focused on formatting numbers, dates, and strings for displaying to people.
- [Polyglot](https://github.com/untra/polyglot) - A fast, painless, open-source internationalization plugin for Jekyll blogs.
- [ICU - International Components for Unicode](https://icu.[unicode](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/miscellaneous/unicode).org/) - A mature, widely used set of C/C++ and [Java](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/programming-languages/java) libraries providing [Unicode](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/miscellaneous/unicode) and Globalization support for software applications.
- [Django docs - i18n](https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/topics/i18n/) - Part of the Django docs, focused on internationalization and localization.
- [Localizejs](https://localizejs.com/) - Translations for websites and applications to new languages and streamline translation workflow.
- [ParaglideJS](https://inlang.com/m/gerre34r) - Synchronous, typesafe and lightweight i18n library.
- [sphinx-intl](https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx-intl) - A Sphinx utility that make it easy to translate and to apply translations.

### Machine translation for developers
- [SwiftGoogleTranslate](https://github.com/maximbilan/SwiftGoogleTranslate) - A framework to use cloud translation API by Google in [Swift](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/programming-languages/swift).
- [attranslate](https://github.com/fkirc/attranslate) - A tool for semi-automated translations of [cross-platform](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/platforms/cross-platform) [apps](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/platforms/apps) or websites.
- [AutoML Translation Documentation](https://cloud.google.com/translate/automl/docs) - AutoML Translation by Google.

### Other tools
- [npm i18n](https://www.npmjs.com/package/i18n) - Lightweight simple translation module with dynamic [json](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/miscellaneous/json) storage.
- [Pootle](https://github.com/translate/pootle) - An online translation management tool with a translation interface focused on localization of applications' graphical user interfaces. It is used by LibreOffice.
- [Globalize](https://github.com/globalizejs/globalize) - A [JavaScript](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/programming-languages/javascript) library for internationalization and localization that leverage the official [Unicode](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/miscellaneous/unicode) CLDR [JSON](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/miscellaneous/json) data.
- [SimpleLocalize CLI](https://github.com/simplelocalize/simplelocalize-cli) - A CLI for finding translation keys in project files.
- [Ninja i18n](https://inlang.com/m/3gk8n4n4/app-inlang-ninjaI18nAction) - A [GitHub](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/development-environment/github) action for translation linting in pull requests.

## Articles

### Introductions to internationalization
- [Stack Overflow Q&A-1](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/506743/localization-and-internationalization-whats-the-difference) - Localization and internationalization, what's the difference?
- [Stack Overflow Q&A-2](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/754520/what-is-the-actual-differences-between-i18n-l10n-g11n-and-specifically-what-does) - What is the actual differences between i18n/l10n/g11n and specifically what does each mean for development?
- [W3C](https://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-i18n) - Localization vs. internationalization.
- [Internationalization vs. Localization: The Difference Between l10n and I18n](https://blog.crowdin.com/2022/07/14/internationalization-vs-localization) - Blog post about the difference between l10n and I18n from Crowdin.

### For developers

- [Angular and i18n](https://angular.io/guide/i18n) - [Angular](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/front-end-development/angular) i18n guide.
- [Debian manuals](https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch08.en.html) - Chapter 8: i18n and l10n.
- [Developer Chrome i18n](https://developer.chrome.com/webstore/i18n) - Internationalizing your app.
- [Software Globalization, Berkeley.edu - slides](https://lx.berkeley.edu/sites/default/files/berkeleylinguisticsdeptg11ncldr.pdf) - "Software globalization and adding languages on computers and mobile devices" by Craig Cummings (slides).
- [Flutter i18n](https://flutter.dev/docs/development/accessibility-and-localization/internationalization) - Internationalizing [Flutter](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/platforms/flutter) [apps](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/platforms/apps).
- [What is 'hreflang'?](https://simplelocalize.io/blog/posts/what-is-hreflang/) - What is `hreflang` attribute and how it can affect your SERP.
- [Globalization and localization in ASP[.NET](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/platforms/net) Core](https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/localization?view=aspnetcore-6.0) - Article about Globalization and localization in ASP.NET [Core](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/platforms/core).

### Understanding computer-assisted translation
- [Computer-assisted translation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-assisted_translation) - CAT (computer-aided translation) tools are typically understood to mean programs that specifically facilitate the actual translation process. This article describe: translation memory software, language search-engine software, terminology management software, alignment software, interactive machine translation, augmented translation.

### Machine translation
- [Approaches to Machine Translation](http://engineering.fuoye.edu.ng/journal/index.php/engineer/article/view/26/pdf) - A paper-review on different techniques for machine translation.
- [Neural Machine Translation](https://jair.org/index.php/jair/article/view/12007/26611) - A paper-review that trace back the origins of modern NMT architectures to word and sentence embeddings and earlier examples of the encoder-decoder network family. It will conclude with a short survey of more recent trends in the field.
- [Awesome New Languages in Machine Translation](https://github.com/slone-nlp/awesome-new-languages-in-machine-translation) - A list of initiatives for supporting MT (mostly with opensource models) for new languages (mostly lower-resourced ones).

## Blogs

- [Speakt](https://speakt.com/blog/) - Well-rounded resource, offering in-depth information from the best professionals in the industry on everything related to translation.
- [The Translator's Teacup](https://lingocode.com/translation-blog/) - Contains good [tips](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/programming-languages/tips) for beginner translators.
- [Speaking of Translation](https://speakingoftranslation.com/) - Run by two outstanding experts in the field of translation and localization. You can listen to audio files covering their [tips](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/programming-languages/tips) and opinions on the freelance translator's work.
- [eMpTy Pages](http://kv-emptypages.blogspot.com/) - Presents extremely detailed descriptions and opinions about localization management, collaborative translation platforms, translation management systems, machine translation, as well as the localization industry's biggest players.

## Online Courses

- [UWashingtonX's I18n and l10n](https://www.edx.org/professional-certificate/uwashingtonx-internationalization-and-localization) - A collection of 3 courses of internationalization and internationalization for digital products provided by the University of Washington.
- [Basic English Grammar and punctuation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/grammar-punctuation) - English grammar course for beginners provided by the University of California.
- [Intermediate English Grammar and punctuation](https://www.coursera.org/specializations/intermediate-grammar) - English grammar course for people with experience provided by the University of California.
- [Advanced English Grammar and punctuation](https://www.coursera.org/specializations/advanced-grammar-punctuation#courses) - English grammar course for experts provided by the University of California.
- [Natural Language Processing](https://www.coursera.org/specializations/natural-language-processing) - Teaches how to use [machine learning](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/computer-science/machine-learning) to understand and manipulate human language. It requires a working knowledge of machine [learning](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/programming-languages/learning), intermediate [Python](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/programming-languages/python) experience including DL [frameworks](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/front-end-development/frameworks) & proficiency in calculus, linear algebra, & statistics.
- [Machine Translation](https://www.coursera.org/learn/machinetranslation) - Explains the basic principles of translation algoritms. It is provided by the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (Germany).

## Books

- [Statistical Machine Translation](https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/statistical-machine-translation/94EADF9F680558E13BE759997553CDE5#fndtn-information) - Establishes background in NLP and statistics, then develops the basics through to current research. By the end readers can build their own translation systems. The author is [Philipp Koehn](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philipp_Koehn).
- [Neural Machine Translation](https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/neural-machine-translation/7AAA628F88ADD64124EA008C425C0197#fndtn-information) - This introduction to machine translation starts from the basics of neural network methods and reaches the state of the art, while giving historical, linguistic, and applied context. Code examples in [Python](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/programming-languages/python) give a hands-on blueprint for implementation. The author is still Philipp Koehn.
- [Translation: An advanced resource book for students](https://www.amazon.com/Translation-advanced-resource-Routledge-[Linguistics](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/computer-science/linguistics)-ebook/dp/B07NPV8DSC/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_product_top?ie=UTF8) - Introduces the theory and practice of translation from a variety of linguistic and cultural angles. The authors are [Basil Hatim](https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=IVydQ-4AAAAJ&hl=en) and [Jeremy Munday](https://ahc.leeds.ac.uk/languages/staff/1006/professor-jeremy-munday).
- [Glocalization Strategy Playbook](https://github.com/GILT-Forum/Globalization-Strategy-Playbook) - A Guide for Localization and Globalization Professionals by the GILT forum.

## Other

- [Google Crowdsource](https://crowdsource.google.com/) - Crowdsourcing platform developed by Google intended to improve a host of Google services through the user-facing training of different [algorithms](/@harrisonqian/awesome/wiki/theory/algorithms) (with translation and translation validation section).
- [LocalizationLab](https://www.localizationlab.org/) - Global community of 7000+ contributors who support the translation and localization of Internet freedom tools.
- [Pontoon](https://pontoon.mozilla.org/) - Various Mozilla localization projects.

## Contributing

Warmly welcome! Kindly go through [Contribution Guidelines](CONTRIBUTING.md) and [Code of Conduct](CODE-OF-CONDUCT.md) first.