---
title: "Literature Review: CultureAlign"
type: concept
source: https://www.jemoka.com/posts/kbhliterature_review_culturealign/
confidence: high
status: active
---

LRCultureAlign Sukiennik: An Evaluation of Cultural Value Alignment in LLM (arXiv:2504.08863v1) Take the Values Survey Module, evaluate ground truth, prompt LMs in 1) country-native language 2) model developer language 3) across all languages with role-play based on specific human characteristics, show that GLM-4 is best aligned, and generally models are more US aligned.
LRCultureAlign Adiga: Attention Speaks Volumes: Localizing And Mitigating Bias In Language Models (arXiv:2410.22517v1) Analyzing concentrated attention across protected class entities shows models&rsquo; preference for one entity vs. another; intervening on the attention by rescaling the attention across entities allow bias to somewhat mitigated.
LRCultureAlign Huang: Culturally Aware Natural Language Inference (EMNLP 2023) Dataset in the shape of NLI, for culture bias identification. MTurk labeled each generation step, while LM generated the hypotheses.
LRCuluterAlign Li: CulturePark&mdash;Boosting Cross-cultural Understanding in Large Language Models (arXiv:2405.15145v1) Prompt LLMs to role-play different cultures. Fine-tuning on rollouts will improve culture evaluation on VSM.
LRCultureAlign Naous: Having Beer after Prayer? Measuring Cultural Bias in Large Language Models (arXiv:2305.14456v4) Made a Blimp-y dataset (continuation, NER, story generation) and found that a lot of Muslim cultural norms are ignored in favor of wester value.
LRCultureAlign Ziems: Multi-VALUE: A Framework for Cross-Dialectal English NLP (ACL 2023) Uses rules based translation to change Standard American English to other forms, found that LMs perform worse after perturbation on a serious of tasks.
LRCultureAlign Khan: Randomness, Not Representation: The Unreliability of Evaluating Cultural Alignment in LLMs (arXiv:2503.08688v2) Culture evaluation results are extremely variant under different testing methodologies. Slight variations break and change benchmark.
LRCultureAlign Xiao: Task-Agnostic Low-Rank Adapters for Unseen English Dialects (EMNLP 2023) Stick a LoRA between dialect feature network and then the adapter weights to perform alignment
LRCuluterAlign Ryan: Unintended Impacts of LLM Alignment on Global Representation (arXiv:2402.15018v2) Alignment improves capabilities a few languages, but rewards lower to other places. i.e., alignment makes things more American centric.
